VEVOR Trench Drain System, Channel Drain with Metal Grate, 5. FG. If gravity is not available, a sump pump and be used. Image. By installing a trench drain along the base of the wall or step, you provide a conduit to redirect water to a more suitable location. Channel Assembly features the polyvinyl chloride channel with prefastened polyethylene grates for a quicker install. Drainage channel systems are becoming an important element for groundwork infrastructure. NDS Filcoten Trench Drains are made from high-performance fiber reinforced concrete, designed to handle heavy loads. We know each site has unique needs that aren’t the same. That gives you options for a variety of sewer and drain pipes, including corrugated pipe and schedule 40 PVC. com. Dura Trench prefabricated trench drain systems are our most popular product line. Dimension(s): 6' L x 3-1/2" W x 3-1/8" H. NDS bills the Micro Channel drain as, "Excellent performance at the lowest possible cost. 4” inside diameter with a 2” radius bottom. For years, my neighbor Tom has been plagued by surface water flowing down his asphalt driveway and flooding the foundation of his house. 35 to 6. Trench drains are also referred to as channel drains and are classified as an above-ground drainage method even though the actual materials are embedded into the ground. channel that comes with a prefastened grate to cut down installation time. Our Spee-D Channel Drains come in lightweight sections that quickly snap together and are highly versatile so they fit a variety of pipe sizes. Combine interlocking trench drain sections to create runs of almost any configuration and length. Pro Series Channel drain grate; Use with the 5 in. Sch. The kit comes with the grate pre-installed on the channel. Install drainage around areas with curved edges such as patios, fountains, pools and spas with ease using the patented Qwik-Turn Deep Radius Coupling. Hover Image to Zoom. 00 incl VAT. Standard trench drains use removable 3” to 6” grates. RELN. longOr call us at 888-825-4716. Add to basket. This trench drain system serves as a perfect long-term solution for the collection and dispersal of surface water. Drains moderate flows from driveways, concrete and paver patios, courtyards, walkways, and sports facilities to. Once cleared, use a level and trowel to ensure the surface is level and smooth. Learn about our line of Filcoten Trench Drains!4 in. Nds 400 Nds 400 1263540. A yard drain, also called an area drain or landscape drain, is a common hardscape feature in yards with significant contours, extensive landscaping, or a swimming pool. The trough may be formed out. Connect Spee-D Channel Drains together with couplings; can be solvent-welded; add bottom outlets or end outlets to connect to drain fittings and/or 3 in. in. 52 square inches per foot. 07" Deep Dura Slope Channel Drain SKU # DS-096. 5. 7. Catch basins,. More Details. The Channel Drain can be cut to size and can be solvent-welded for design flexibility. Water enters the channels and is carried away to a safe location. Grates may be held in place with screws or hold-down clips. 4 in. When cutting trench drain lengths along any of the grooved sections at 8 in. Commercial water drainage systems allow safe and efficient drainage for grassed areas, gardens, farms, patio areas, pool sides, office. Channel drains, also known as trench drains, are long, narrow drains that collect water and direct it to drain pipe; the water is carried to a discharge point downstream such as a pop-up emitter or to percolate into the ground with a dry well or infiltration trench. A complete line of accessories, including angles and outlets, are. NDS Spee-D Channel Drains and Grates 10-ft L x 5-3/4-in W x 5-3/4-in dia Drain. NDS channel. Questions: 646-227-0910. Buy it on Amazon and enjoy fast shipping and great. Model # 003102 Store SKU # 1000663932. Unlike a solid drain pipe, the water for a French drain can enter at any point. Next, a long channel drain is placed in the trench. FREE delivery. Channel drains are available with various material top grates. With one length of channel and a grate, you can manage waterflow from your lawn, landscaped area, downspout, patio or walkway. Trench drains are usually employed across a paved area to drain and direct water away from these surfaces. Low-profile Drain System: Dimensions of each channel: 5. Standing surface water is not only a slip hazard-it can lead to mildew growth, concrete staining, and costly damage. Slip joints for fast and easy installation. 10' Micro Channel - Including 1 Coupling, White SKU # 8001. 9x5. 59 with Mail-In Rebate. Channel Grates. NDS Plastic Channel and Trench Drains are light weight and easy to install. 4" L. Grates are removable for easy clean out and replacement. For added stability during installation or additional integrity in a non-concrete application, the Storm Drain Joiner kit is a perfect solution when connecting multiple RELN Storm Drain channel lengths together. Trench drains are usually lined with concrete and sloped appropriately to take advantage of gravity. 5. Connect Spee-D Channel Drains together with couplings; can be solvent-welded; add bottom outlets or end outlets to connect to drain fittings and/or 3 in. 77. and 4 in. Top Rated. NDS channel and trench drains are designed for durability, drainage. Dura Trench prefabricated trench drain systems are our most popular product line. Add to basket. 5-Inch HDPE Drainage Trench, Black Plastic Garage Floor Drain, 4x39 Trench Drain Grate, with 4 End Caps, for Garden, Driveway-4 Pack: Drain Strainers - Amazon. These channel drains have polymer and hdpe channels with a variety of grate options to choose from. The built-in bottom outlets at one end of the trench drain enable connection to a 3-in. The NDS Spee-D Channel systems are lightweight and easy to install and provide a quick and simple alternative to traditional concrete channels. These channels are sloped and flow toward a catch basin, which usually has a strainer to catch any larger solid. Includes 1 channel drain, 1 grate, 1 end outlet, 1 end cap (meter light traffic). Use with Micro Channel Drains, Elbows, Tees, Outlets, and Cleanouts. Or call us at 888-825-4716. It has good chemical resistance with similar grating and is a great option for installation in chemical facilities. Nds 400-10 Nds 400-10 1263545. Now brace these forms from one to the other across the inside of the trench drain. 7" W x 3. View Product. and 4 in. Note: Channel sections marked with an N are neutral non-Channel drain and drain grate with 90° elbow channel makes it easy to customize layout. SMC/GRP - Josam's PRO-PLUS® trench drain system is manufactured using glass. sewer and drain fittings. NDS Drainage Channel Grates are durable, decorative and compatible with all of our channel and trench drain products. TRENCH DRAINS. Showing 1 - 12 of 29 results. With a complete range of accessories, and our no-screws clip-in grate design, our product is designed to make life easy. Grade the bottom of the trench for an even slope. They serve as the top layer of the system, directing water flow into the channel and away from the property. Comes with one 25 ft. open surface area. L Channel Drain Kit with Gray Grate (6-Pack) Compare. The pre-sloped commercial trench drain line is offered in 2″ , 4″ , 6″ , 8″ , 10″ , 12″ , 18″ , 24″ , 36″, and 48″ widths. If you’ve already dug the trench for the drainage pipes, then all that’s left is connecting the drainage channel to the pipes. Allproof’s Polymer Concrete channel drain has been designed for commercial applications. More Details. (See below for a shopping list, tools, and steps. Discover VEVOR Trench Drain System, Channel Drain with Plastic Grate, 5. Make sure to include a slope with at least ¼” per foot slope running toward the drain. It is perfect for low water flow areas, in Landscape water drainage. Spee-D Channel Drain Grates for 10 ft. L x 5. W x 5. A trench drain is a device designed to intercept and collect surface. The average cost to install a drainage system in yard is $8 to $15 per linear foot or between $1,200 and $8,000, depending on the lawn size. Unit. 4 in. The trench drain solution is ideal for any domestic area where surface water collects including driveways. Comes with one Micro Channel Drain and grate as one integrated part and one coupling. Spee-D Channel Drain, and five 2 ft. Typically these are nailed or screwed to the bottom of the trench drain footer. Effective in everything from patios to light vehicular traffic areas. sewer and drain pipe; Manufactured from lightweight, recycled UV stabilized poly propylene polymer; Grate manufactured from heavy-duty polymer; Meets ADA requirements; Heel proof grate; Includes 3 lengths of channel and grate, 2 end caps and 1 convertor3Lay the channels alongside the trench n Start the layout at the drain outlet with the deepest (highest numbered) channel section, proceeding to the shallowest (lowest numbered) channel section. Pro Series Channel Drain is ideal for draining moderate water flows flooding surfaces such as driveways, concrete and paver patios, courtyards, and walkways. Dimension(s): 4' L x 6"W x 5" - 5. Yard Trench Drain. Stainless Steel/Marine. 37. Create a water-tight connection using solvent-weld PVC glue. A slope of 0. Protect your property from low rainfall or pooling water with this Deep Series trench and channel drain kit. A French drain goes by many different names and styles — drain tile, rock drain, trench drain — just to name a few. The size of the. sewer and drain fittings. A complete drainage system with ADA compliant pedestrian safe grates, it is perfect for paths and driveways. General purpose trench drain system available in 50mm (K50), 100mm (K100), 200mm (K200) and 300mm (K300) internal width with either galvanised or stainless steel edge rail. 68" Deep Dura Slope Channel Drain SKU # DS-095. Average Cost. The Spee-D Channel Drain, part of the NDS Profile Channel series, is ideal for collecting moderate water flows from driveways, concrete and paver patios, pool areas, courtyards, and walkways. However, unlike the French drain, the trench drain is a surface drainage structure. This Pro Series channel drain kit is features an interlocking design which allows each units to securely lock to the next for a secure, tight fit. Channel drains collect and convey water to drain pipes, which carry the water downstream to discharge with a pop-up emitter, or to percolate into the ground with a dry well or infiltration trench. Kits includes: NDS Spee-D Channel 4" (400), 2 NDS Spee-D Channel Gray Botanical Plastic Grates (252GY), NDS Coupling (248),. NDS offers a broad range of high-quality and durable solutions for any size problem or project. com FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible purchasesWith one length of channel and a grate, you can manage waterflow from your lawn, landscaped area, downspout, patio or walkway. Residential. Removable grates make it easy to clean debris from channel for maintenance. Typical uses include driveways, pools, walkways, and wherever excess water and erosion are a problem, yet adds an aesthetic touch it. Con: Installing an interior French drain in an existing basement is a major project. Use with the Spee-D channel drainage system to collect and direct water to drain pipes for proper release downstream. long; length can be cut to size with a sawDiscover VEVOR Trench Drain System, Channel Drain with Plastic Grate, 5. Pro Series Channel drain grates are available in a variety of colors and materials; Comes with one 5 in. sewer and drain pipe. NDS channel and trench drains are designed for durability, drainage, and performance, and are a proven alternative to traditional concrete drains. Consider where the water will be directed to, how. “Trench drain” refers to any narrow, long carved channel used to move water. To ensure basin is secured during and after install, 4x anchoring nail-down pegs are included for piece-of-mind. What Is It: A dry well is a narrower and deeper well that catches the heavy drain and percolates it to the adjacent soil, stones, gravel, or underground storage tank. Protective edge rails in galvanized steel (K series) or 304 stainless steel (KS series) Wide range of grates from ADA-compliant to heavy vehicular. With a complete range of accessories, and our no-screws clip-in grate design, our product is designed to make life easy. Dig a trench from the place in your yard that needs drainage to your chosen outlet. NDS Spee-D Channel Drains and Grates 10-ft L x 5-3/4-in W x dia Drain. Use with Spee-D Channel Drains, 45º and 90º Elbows, Tees, and Crosses to customize your layout. In contrast, they have more parts – channels, caps, and grates that need frequent brushing and might hike costs. Each channel section is molded of gray structural foam polyethylene with UV inhibitors. Trench drains are also really ideal if you want to be able to control how much water is flowing into your drains and whether or not debris can get into the drain along with the water runoff. Rain Bird Standard 5" Channel Drain is the complete professional drainage system designed for sidewalks, driveways, and patios, with corners and tee sections. A channel drain also has many benefits as to why you should get one installed in the first place. The RELN storm drain channel series can also connect onto the basin, allowing homeowners drainage versatility. 12. U. Open surface area 19. To connect 4" corrugated pipe, you will need part# 451 - 4" corrugated fitting and part# 4P05 - 4" PVC fitting. In this video, we’ll show yo. 00 incl VAT. n Point the arrows on each channel section towards the drain outlet. With a. A drainage channel is usually a ground-level grate with a pipe underneath to carry the water away. View Brochure And Technical Drawings. Part Number. 16. Our “Profile Series” of channel drains connect like PVC pipe. The TrenchFormer cast-in-place concrete forming system for forming trench drains, catch basins, utility chases, and voids in concrete placement is manufactured by ABT Inc. 5 ft (0. Check In-Store for. This pre-cast concrete channel comes in pre-sloped and neutral sections with a variety of grates to meet the needs of any project. Contact us today for a free quote 1-877-903-7246 or send us an email on our "Contact Us" form. per linear ft. Buy VEVOR Trench Drain System, Channel Drain with Plastic Grate, 5. FILCOTEN Trench Drains Fiber-Reinforced Concrete. What are channel drains? Channel drains are occasionally referred to as linear or Aco drains – and the chances are, you’ve probably walked or driven over numerous channel drains in the last 24 hours. NDS 800-NDS - 5" Pro Series Channel Drain- 5" Pro Series Channel Drain <br><br> The new and improved NDS 5” Pro Series Deep Profile Channel Drain is the most durable, feature-rich and easy to install modular drainage system in its class. 3” Pro Series Ideal for residential. NDS has a full line of drainage products, fittings and accessories available. Measure the depth of your trench using a line level. Glue an offset outlet and a 90-degree elbow onto one end of the channel drain. Many options are available to meet demands for heavy duty to light commercial applications. Trench drains are usually lined with concrete and sloped appropriately to take advantage of gravity. Channel slopes can also be adapted to fit any. 8x3. sewer and drain fittings. Engineered for easy installation, NDS offers solutions compatible with your existing site along with the support to help make your project a. 4 in. The built-in bottom outlets at one end of the trench drain enable connection to a 3-in. The series features . intervals at the bottom of the channel, the converter piece can be used to reattach the remaining cut pieces of trench drain lengths: simply clip the convertor to the 2 male-end fittings of the trench drain. Dig a Trench. Unique flanges on the bottom of the channel provide an anchoring lip for straight installation and prevents floating. NDS bills the Micro Channel drain as, "Excellent performance at the lowest possible cost. Channel drains that are Class A15 rated are some of the most commonly used products available. Dimension(s): 10' L. 7%. 29. NDS Spee-D Channel Drains and Grates 10-ft L x 5-3/4-in W x dia Drain. Product Details. Trench drains are offered in 2″ , 4″ , 6″ , 8″ , 10″ , 12″ , 18″ , 24″ , 36″, and 48″ widths. Channel drains, also called trench drains, are long, narrow drains that collect and convey surface water to drain pipes, which carry the water downstream to discharge with a pop-up emitter, or to percolate into the ground with a dry well or infiltration trench. 4 in. 95 Regular Price $10. 4" L. First, dig a “French trench. It has a thin channel with a grating on the top and it enables water to move from the ground to the underground drainage system. 1-Inch HDPE Drainage Trench, Black Plastic Garage Floor Drain, 3x39 Trench Drain Grate, with 3 End Caps, for Garden, Driveway-3 Pack. Dig a 6-inch-deep trench along the end of the driveway. £. Josam offers Trench Drains and Channel Drains in SMC/GRP, Stainless Steel, Cast Iron, and HDPE. 5" Pro Series Deep Profile Grate and Channel Drain 90-degree Elbow SKU # 861. loading stock. Use smaller, 1 – 2 feet steps and add retaining walls for sandy, gravel soils that might slide or break down with continuous water flow. 1" H x 39. wide X 2 ft. NDS channel and trench drains are designed for durability, drainage, and performance, and are a proven alternative to traditional concrete drains. L Channel Drain Kit with Gray Grate (6-Pack). More Details. £65. residential applications such as swimming pools and patios. H x 39. NDS channel and trench drains are designed for durability, drainage. Metal edge detail available ME 96. 00 /roll ($ 1. 50-1/8″ L x 4-1/2″ W x 1-5/16″ H (overall dimension) For FFED 25, FFDG 25, FFMN 25, FFAS 25 add CI 25 Insert. $265. Take stormwater from channel drain to drain pipe along the length of your channel run with the Spee-D Channel Drain with Bottom Outlet. Get in touch. Channel drains, also known as trench drains, are long, narrow drains that collect water and direct it to drain pipe; the water is carried to a discharge point downstream such as a pop-up emitter or to percolate into the ground with a dry well or infiltration trench. D x 39. Works with Spee-D Channel Drain, part of the NDS Profile Channel series, to drain. Plus, the outlet connector is already built-in. SportsEdge Pro-S drainage channels feature a radius bottom, smooth interior surface, interlocking tongue and groove ends and the patented “Red Dot” grate locking system. You Save $18. For instance, the trench needed to install the french drain can be done at a much shallower depth, unlike footing drains that have to be installed at the base of the foundation for peak effectiveness. Using a pencil mark the inner circumference of the gulley where it meets the drain. This helps prevent property damage, concrete errosion, and mildew growth. All ACO’s channel systems are design to integrate with other systems that address these. The pipe is perforated so that it catches the percolated water. In time grass will grow over the gravel and. Part of NDS Mini. When rainfall or runoff leave standing surface water on your driveway, patio, or courtyard, the water needs a better way to drain. Installing driveway drains alleviates standing water that causes siding to rot and damage to foundations. sewer and drain pipe and 4 in. £58. JP-2186 10 Fr, 20 cm Silicone Round Full (20 cm) No 10 ea/bx, 8 bx/csBuy VEVOR Trench Drain System, Channel Drain with Plastic Grate, 5. Install The Piping. Channel drains, also known as trench drains, are long, narrow drains that collect water and direct it to drain pipe; the water is carried to a discharge point downstream such as a pop-up emitter or to percolate into the. 4 in. National distributor for superior quality trench drain systems. Offer up your drainage channel so the grill is flush with the top of the pea trap. Oklahoma Drainage Provides : Drainage System Installation utilizing French Drains, Surface Drains, Channel Drains, and Sump Pumps. Our “Profile Series” of channel drains connect like PVC pipe. In addition to its. 5" , 6" , 8" and 12" wide. Our Channel Drain Grates can handle up to a class D load rating and come in a variety of materials including plastic, iron, steel and brass. 6" wide pre sloped trench drain system. Micro Channel Drains with integrated grates are available in a variety of colors. EZ: NDS400. Part # Channel Drain: CD3W: White: CD3G: Grey: CD3T: Tan: CD3B: Black: Carton Includes: 8: Channel Drain (10′ lengths) 8: Couplers: 4: End Adapters: Part # 45 Degree Angles – 10/ctn. Application. X 39-3/8 in. Cardinal Health™ Jackson-Pratt® Channel Drains are available in a variety of sizes and styles, both with and without trocars, featuring: Silicone material to help improve patient comfort while providing high tensile strength. 7" W x 3. Step 1: Choose the Location for Channel Drain. The Spee-D Channel Drain Grate features a botanical design, and drains surface water while blocking leaves and debris before they can enter and clog the pipeline. How do you prevent flooded hardscapes on your property? You install a channel drain to capture and collect excess surface water. . NDS Spee-D Channel Drains and Grates 10-ft L x 5-3/4-in W x 5-3/4-in dia Drain. Dig the Trench. When water hits the channel drain, it's sent off in another direction, well away from the house or garage. sewer and drain fittings. per linear feet open surface area 21 GPM flow rate Spee-D channel drains are 4-3/4 in. Trench drains are often confused with French drains, but unlike French drains, which are subsurface systems, trench drains are surface systems. It can also be used to channel water from a roof gutter and downspout system out into a yard and away from the foundation. What's the top-selling product within RELN Channel Drains? The top-selling product within RELN Channel Drains is. sewer and drain pipe & 4 in. 6. Our speciality lies in drainage channels, with a diverse range of products designed to cater to various applications, from industrial to commercial and urban projects. 4 in. sewer and drain fittings. More Details. D x 39. 95 Regular Price $159. Use a 4-foot level to adjust this pitch. 34 to 5. More Details. and 4 in. Shop this Collection. 4. Effective in everything from patios to light vehicular traffic areas. Designed for both commercial and domestic applications, US Trench Drains Storm Water Pits are ideal for many traffic areas when properly installed. It collects and disperses the runoff over a large area. Channel drains, also called trench drains, are. More Options Available $ 59. These drains are great for managing excess rainwater and stormwater in concrete areas such as parking lots, sidewalks, and driveways. When bedding down the channel drain a strong mortar mix can be carefully worked to seal up any gaps. Offered with a wide selection of 5″ wide trench. The Spee-D Channel Drain Grate works with the Spee-D Channel Drain, part of the NDS Profile Channel series, to drain moderate water flows from driveways, patios, pool areas, courtyards, and walkways. With the Qwik-Turn Coupling, tongue-and. Dig a trench about 10–12 in (25–30 cm) wide and 1. S. 1-Inch HDPE Drainage Trench, Black Plastic Garage Floor Drain, 6x39 Trench Drain Grate, with 6 End Caps, for Garden, Driveway-6 Pack, Hassle-Free Installation and Removable Grates at lowest price, 2days delivery, 30days returns. TRENCH DRAINDeep Series 5. Whether indoors or outdoors, channel drains are installed to remove water and leave a safe surface. This drainage method involves digging a long, narrow trench and finishing it with a grated covering, giving the impression of a large piece of guttering in the ground. Class B125 channel drainage Pro Series Channel Drains Patios, Driveway, Sports Fields. Hide Unavailable Products. The special design features recessed grate openings running parallel to the channel length providing extra strength and more water runoff. According to Formula 1’s YouTube channel, parts of driver George Russell’s blue and white race car can be seen and heard disintegrating when it drove over a loose. Works with the 5 in. The Swiftdrain 600 trench drain system consists of 32 pre sloped and neutral channels. ACO Drain consists of cast polymer concrete bodies with either galvanized steel, stainless steel or cast iron wearing edges. Channel drains, trench drains or strip drains are linear drainage applications used to prevent surface and rain water from flooding garages, basements, driveways and gardens. In addition to its versatility, with precision pre-casting, you get a high-quality pre-sloped drainage channel product that requires less onsite labor. Please note that these systems are not interchangeable. 6. Channel Drain with Grates, 12 Pack Total Length 236. 25 in. 14. L Channel Drain Kit with Architectural 316 Stainless Steel (6-Pack) Compare. 9x5. 2 in. Cardinal Health™ Jackson-Pratt™ Hubless Channel Drains Flat and Round Channel Drains Cardinal Health® Jackson-Pratt™ Channel Drains with Bendable Trocar Jackson-Pratt™ Channel Drains Cat. 46 m) deep. A trench drain is a linear drainage application used to catch, collect and convey water from a starting location to and an outlet or catch basin. per linear ft. When the pipe is connected, level the area where the drain is going to be laid. More Details. Unique flanges on the bottom of the channel provide an anchoring lip for straight installation and prevents floating. Description. Spee-D Channel Drain features a built-in bottom outlet and prefastened grate to capture and convey water to drain pipe. Slim Channel grates offer superior flow capacity and snap in and out for easy cleaning or replacement. It comes in 80" pre-engineered modular sections with 20" and 40" grates. Pro Series Channel Drain Kits, and each kit includes a 4-1/8 in. Grates may be held in place with screws or hold-down clips. "N" sections sections are non-sloped and used to extend the legnth of the system. 8 sq. Drainage channels are designed to be used to provide drainage solutions for surface water on driveways and patios and around garage and conservatory entrances and exits. 5. longOr call us at 888-825-4716. The system is capped off with lockable, yet removable round-end. MEALINE S Drainage Channel with Galvanised Slotted Grating 1m - A15. $6981. Sep 11, 2023 - Explore Drainage Connect's board "Channel Drain", followed by 966 people on Pinterest. NDS Spee-D Channel Drains and Grates 10-ft L x 5-3/4-in W x dia Drain. 125″. Banded Bar Grating – 200 Series. sewer and drain fittingsA: Hi Chris, unfortunately, the 5" pro series channel drain design come in 39-3/8" and 19-11/16" pieces. per linear ft. A trench drain (also channel drain, line drain, slot drain, linear drain, or strip drain) is a specific type of floor drain containing a dominant trough- or channel-shaped body. Drainage grates include architectural 316-grade stainless. A trench drain system can help keep hardscape areas dry and usable. NDS Spee-D Channel Drains and Grates 10-ft L x 5-3/4-in W x dia Drain. More Options Available $ 1380. More Details. sewer and drain pipe & 4 in. Solve the drainage problem with the Spee-D® Channel Drain, the #1 bestselling channel drain in the USA. 60607. This offers a runoff over a wide area and could even include a downhill channel. If you want to get rid of all of the excess water from the swale, you could skip the channel drain at the patio and dig out the bottom of the swale. 15. A complete line of accessories is available for each Channel and Trench Drain System. wide, 3-3/4 in. More Details. NDS channel and trench drains are designed for durability, drainage. VEVOR Trench Drain System, Channel Drain with Plastic Grate, 5. They are a completely unobtrusive, neat and tidy underground drainage channel drain solution that’s used everywhere from the smallest internal.